The massive trunk of an indigenous Outeniqua yellowwood with bracket fungi in the Knysna forest (illustration)

DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Plant Health Biotechnology

Forest Threats

Bacterial diseases3 threats

Erwinia wilt and dieback

Erwinia psidii

Bacterial blight cause by Pantoea ananatis

Pantoea blight and dieback

Pantoea ananatis , Xanthomonas axonopodis , Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum , Xanthomonas dyei pv. eucalypti

Bacterial exudate of Ralstonia solanacearum

Ralstonia bacterial wilt

Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum

Fungal diseases19 threats

Eucalyptus scab and shoot malformation (ESSM)

Elsinoe necatrix N.Q. Pham, Marinc. & M.J. Wingf. and Elsinoe masingae Jol. Roux, N.Q. Pham, Marinc. & M.J. Wingf.

Dothistroma needle blight

Dothistroma septosporum

Teratosphaeria leaf Blight

Teratosphearia epicoccoides

Pine fire fungus, Doughnut fungus / Rhizina undulata

Rhizina undulata Fr.

Calonectria symptoms on Eucalyptus leaves

Calonectria leaf blight (CLB)

Calonectria De Not.

Young Eucalyptus fastigata dying due to infection at base and root by P. cinnamomi

Phytophthora root and collar rot, black butt, gummosis

Phytophthora spp.

Basal canker on Eucalyptus due to Chr. austroafricana

Chrysoporthe canker

Chrysoporthe austroafricana Gryzenh. & M. J. Wingf.

The rust Uromycladium acaciae on Acacia mearnsii

Wattle rust

Uromycladium acaciae (Cooke) P. Syd. & Syd

Lophodermium sp. on P . contorta var. latifolia

Lophodermium needle cast

Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley & Millar (previously erroneously attributed to Lophodermium pinastri Schrad. ex Fr. Chev. (Minter et al. 1978)).

Pine pitch canker and Fusarium wilt

Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnell

Extensive damage caused by A. psidii on Syzygium jambos

Myrtle Rust

Austropuccinia psidii (G. Winter) Beenken

Diplodia shoot blight, Sphaeropsis die-back

Diplodia sapinea and Diplodia scrobiculata

Leaf blotch on E. nitens caused by T. nubilosa

Teratosphearia Leaf Blight / Teratosphearia nubilosa

Teratosphaeria nubilosa (Cooke) Crous & U. Braun

Ceratocystis wilt

Ceratocystis albifundus Wingfield, De Beer and Morris; and Ceratocystis eucalypticola M. van Wyk & M.J. Wingfield

Quambalaria leaf and shoot blight

Quambalaria eucalypti

Lesions on Eucalyptus bark, caused by T. zuluensis

Teratosphaeria stem canker (previously Coniothyrium)

Teratosphaeria gauchensis (M.-N. Cortinas, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) M.J. Wingf. & Crous and Teratosphaeria zuluensis (M.J. Wingf., Crous & T.A. Cout.) M.J. Wingf. & Crous